Mahmud Bayazidi (, 1797 Doğubeyazıt – 1859 Erzurum), was an Ottoman Kurds philosopher and polymath from Bayazid.
Early life
He was born in Bayazid (present-day Doğubeyazıt in Ağrı Province,
Turkey) in 1797. He started his studies by reading the
Koran, and then
Arabic language,
Persian language, Ottoman and
Kurdish language. He then moved to
Tabriz in north-western
Iran to continue his studies. After finishing his studies, he went back to his hometown and became a teacher. After the fall of Kurdish emirates in Bayazid, he moved to
Erzurum.
Works
In 1856, the Russian academic
A. Dorne, asked
A.D. Jaba, the newly appointed
consulate in Erzurum, for assistance in analyzing documents in the
Kurdish language. Jaba, in turn, employed Mahmud Bayazidi in the field of Kurdish language, history and Culture. With the assistance of Bayazidi, a number of Kurdish documents were sent to the Russian Academy of Sciences in
Saint Petersburg, including some of Bayazidi's own writings. In 1858–1859, Bayazidi, edited the
Kurdish language-
Arabic-
Persian language grammar book by
Ali Taramokhi (Kurdish writer of 15-16th century). He also wrote a book containing 3,000 phrases in Kurdish, which shed light on the life of
Kurds in the 19th century. This book was translated into
French language by
A.D. Jaba in 1880. Bayazidi, wrote another book called
Habits and Customs of Kurds, which has been published in 1963 by the famous Russian Kurdologist Margarita Rudenko. From the correspondences of
A.D. Jaba with
Saint Petersburg, it is evident that Bayazidi had written a book about the modern history of the Kurds, covering the period 1785–1858, although this book appears to have been lost, except for the
French language translation of its preface. Bayazidi and Jaba also played an instrumental role in preserving old Kurdish literature by collecting more than 50 volumes of old hand written Kurdish classic texts and sending them to the Library of
Saint Petersburg. These texts which have been preserved until now, include the epics of well known classical poets such as Feqiyê Teyran, Melayê Bateyî, Melayê Cizîrî and
Mem û Zîn (Mam and Zin) by Ehmedê Xanî. This collection was finally published in 1961 by
M.B. Rudenko, titled
About the hand-written Kurdish texts in Leningrad.
During the period 1858–1859, Mahmud Bayazidi and A.D. Jaba, wrote the first Kurdish language-French language and French language-Kurdish language dictionary, published in 1879. During the same period, Mahmud Bayazidi, translated the Sharafnama (history of the Kurdish nation) from Persian language into Kurdish language. This is considered to be the first Kurdish language history book in modern times. Its hand-written version is preserved in the Russian National Library. It was published for the first time in 1986.
Published books
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Bayazidi, Mahmud, Mem û Zîn (Mem and Zin), an abstract of Ahmad Khani's poem, Kurmanji version with French translation by Alexandre Jaba, introduced by Hakem, Helkewt, Debireh, no 5, Paris, 1989.
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Bayazidi, Mela Mahmud, 'Adat u rasumatname-ye Akradiye, ("Habits and customs of Kurds"), original manuscript (Kurmandjî in Ottoman characters), published by M. B. Rudenko, with an introduction and Russian translation : Nravy i Obycaj Kurdov, Moscow, 1963.
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Mela Mahmud Bayazidi, Tawarikh-i Qadim-i Kurdistan; perevod Saraf-Khana Bidlisi s persidskogo âzyka na kurdskij âzyk; izdanie teksta, predislovie, ukazateli i oglavlenie K. K. Kurdoeva i Z. S. Musaélân Megjelenés: Moskva : Nauka, 1986. (Kurdish translation of Sharafnama by Sharaf al-Din Khan Bidlisi)
See also
-
List of Kurdish philosophers
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Mela Mehmûdê Bazîdî, Classical Kurdish Literature (in Kurdish)
-
Modern Kurdish Artistic Prose, By: Farhad Shakely, Uppsala university, Sweden
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J. Musaelian. On the First Kurdish Edition of the Sharaf nama by Mullâ (Mela) Mahmud Bayazidi, International Journal for Oriental Manuscript Research, Vol.5, No. 4 December 1999.
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J. S. Musaelyan. Mela Mahmud Bayazidi and His First Translation of Sharaf-name by Sharaf-khan Bidlisi into the Kurdish Language,
